APROVECHAMIENTO DEL BAGAZO RESIDUAL DE Yucca spp. COMO SUSTRATO PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE Pleurotus spp

Abstract

Currently Yucca spp., is industrially exploited in Mexico, generating bagasse as residual material. In these days is recommendable to reintegrate waste materials in productive cycles for the natural resources saving and the environmental impact reduction. Using agroindustrial residues as substrate for cultivation of fungus is an example of waste valorization. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate if bagasse from Yucca spp. could be suitable for fungi (Pleurotus spp.) cultivation and determination of their carpophorus parameters of productivity, physical properties, morphological properties and chemical proximal analysis. In this study, three yuca bagasse/wheat straw rates were tested (75% -25%, 50% -50% and 25% -75% for treatment 2, 3 and 4, respectively) in each of three strains used (SEC UAP9, SAUA). Yuca bagasse (treatment 1) and wheat straw (treatment 5) at 100% were used as blanks. Biological efficiency (EB) beside of being the lowest 55-86% and 75-78% for treatment 1 and 2 respectively, were acceptable commercially. The increment from 50% to 100% of yuca bagasse increases the EB (92.3-125.7%). The production rate (TP) showed the same tendency than the biological efficiency (EB). The yield (R) corroborated that from 50% yuca bagasse in production used to be important because treatments 3, 4 and 5 were statistically similar (23.6-25.9% 23.5-26.8% 23.4-27.4 y %). Fruitful color parameters (L*, a* and b*) were no affected significantly by substrate, keeping quality similar to blank. L* presented values of 46.2 a 53.5, a* de 2.5 a 5.5 and b* of 9.6 a 14.9, showing grey levels and media tonalidade. In color difference (ΔE*) was observed that fungus presented differences depending on human perception up to 0.5 units (1.3 a 6.2) in all cases. Carpophorus textural parameters were not affected by the type of treatment, except in hardness, where the mayor yuca bagasse quantity in substrate the better texture in the product is obtained (0.0656 kgf to 0.1707 kgf). When using wheat straw the same behavior is not observed (0.0522 to 0.2572 kgf kgf). Fruitful Chemical Composition was influenced by the type of growth substrate. Yuca bagasse quantity showed high protein contains 17.09% to 18.96% db. A high total carbohydrate (53.36% to 59.24% db) means low protein contains (15.69% to 17.00% db). Humidity, total ashes and crude fiber were high (91.12%-94.27% bh, y 7.70%-9.35%, 15.95%-19.75% db, respectively), while lipids contain were low (1.42%-2.17% db). That is the reason of using yuca bagasse as option for the commercial culture of Pleurotus spp., obtained better production while carpophorus physical and chemical quality are maintained when substrates with up to 50% of yuca bagasse are used.