COMPATIBILIDAD DEL HONGO Pochonia chlamydosporia Y EXTRACTOS VEGETALES PARA EL MANEJO INTEGRADO DE Meloidogyne incognita EN FRIJOLKATHIA VILCHIS MARTÍNEZ

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the possibility of combining the application of the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia and plant extracts for the integrated management of Meloidogyne sp. in the production of beans. A population of Meloidogyne was identified as Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Was selected and identified 22 plants with antagonistic properties to nematodes accessible in the study region, which were dried in the shade and then ground for storage. Was evaluated the effect of each plant powder on the emergence and vigour of bean plants to discard phytotoxicity. No statistical differences were found between treatments, so it was discarded a phytotoxic effect. Aqueous plant extracts were added to PDA media for evaluate the mycelial growth and chlamydospore production of P. chlamydosporia. Results showed that in the production of chlamydospores is stimulated when Datura stramonium was the best treatment followed by Chenopodium album and Raphanus raphanistrum. None of the extracts affected the mycelial development based on perennial patterns of mature females. Also a bioassay was made in laboratory to know the effect of all aqueous plant extract on M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2). The results showed constant nematicidal effect in: Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ch. album, Thymus vulgaris, Calendula officinalis and Raphanus raphanistrum. Another factor to be measured was the influence of plant extracts on nematode eggs parasitism percent by P. chlamydosporia. In solid medium Ch. album Nerium oleander and Tagetes lucida was not affected; in liquid medium all plants decreased and sterile soil was increased this parameter. Finally three of the best treatments from previous bioassays were combined with P. chlamydosporia in a glasshouse experiment. Results showed that the mixture of Chenopodium album, Raphanus raphanistrum, Thymus vulgaris and P. chlamydosporia. This treatment had the same result as the nematicide carbofuran on reducing the gall index.