CAPTURA, ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA E IDENTIFICACION DE VOLÁTILES DE LA INTERACCIÓN Trichoderma asperellum - Sclerotium rolfsii

Abstract

Trichoderma asperellum presents mechanisms of action of mycoparasitism and antibiosis nonvolatile compounds to compete for space and nutrients, but whether produced volatiles (CV) showing antifungal activity of Sclerotium rolfsii. The objectives were: a) capture the volatile compounds during the interaction T. asperellum-S. rolfsii, b) determine the effect of volatile compounds generated in the interaction T. asperellum-S. rolfsii, on production of spores of Trichoderma and mycelial growth, production and viability of sclerotia of S. rolfsii, c) determine the effect of volatile compounds extracted with methanol, dichloromethane and hexane in the mycelial growth, production and viability of sclerotia of S. rolfsii d) identify by GC-MS, the major volatile compounds with antifungal activity. Was designed a device for the interaction of the two fungi and capture CV. Biological activity of volatile compounds on S. rolfsii was determined by the technique of Ojika (2008) and identification of volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS. The days of lower mycelial growth and production of sclerotia of S. rolfsii in the interaction were between 9 and 21, although the sclerotia had 100% viability. These days observed the increased production of spores of T. asperellum, being in the presence of S. rolfsii significantly higher than in its absence. The CV extracted with methanol, dichloromethane and hexane on 9 inhibited the mycelial growth and production of sclerotia of S. rolfsii, considering the fungistatic activity. Volatile compounds were identified: 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, α-pinene, 3-ethyl-cyclopentanone, phenol and phenyl ethyl alcohol, which were more abundant in the presence of S. rolfsii. Only the compounds 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, toluene and phenol, have been reported.