Composición de la dieta habitual de un grupo de embarazadas que residen en una zona conurbada de la Ciudad de México

Abstract

Background: Nutrition of pregnant woman is a determinant factor for the health of the mother and for the product of gestation. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study of 90 pregnant women with 12 or more weeks of gestation. At the same time, an anthropometric and basic analysis was also carried out. Results: The energy consumption observed in this group was of 1847.09 kcal (SD=676.69), with the following perceptual energetic distribution: proteins, 15.97%, carbohydrates, 51.75% and fats, 34.52%. The estimated dietetic fiber consumption was 21.02 g (10.98) In reference to the intake of vitamins and mineral was estimated the means of consumption of vitamin A, 4950.59 (2955); Thiamine, 1.29 mg (0.56); Riboflavin 1.43 mg (0.7); Niacin 14.37 mg (5.49); vitamin B6, 1.43 (0.52); vitamin B12, 3.88 g (5.43); folate, 366.98 g (382.73); vitamin C, 110.69 mg (70.32); and vitamin D, 3.3 g (2.19). Furthermore, the mean intake of minerals was; 660.46 mg for calcium; 1040.17 mg for phosphorus; 9.91 mg for iron, 10.35 mg for zinc, 1.39 mg for copper, 8.41 mg for manganese, 261.3 mg for magnesium, 23.12 mg for selenium, and 1267 mg for sodium. A significant number of pregnant women did not reach the 50% of the recommendations for iron (93.3), calcium (90), folate (86.7) , selenium (83.3), vitamin K (73.3), vitamin E (70), proteins (66.7), zinc (66.6), vitamin D (56.7), manganese (56.7), magnesium (53.4), y vitamin C (50). At least 30% of the population exceeded 100% of the recommendations for vitamin B1, B2, niacin, B6 y B12. Conclusions: There is an important group of pregnant women with a high intake of vitamin B1, B2, niacin, B6, B12 and vitamin C. Also it has been observed a high frequency of pregnant women that do not consume the recommended values of iron (93.3%), calcium (90%), folates (86.7%), selenium (83.3%), vitamin K (73.3%), vitamin E (70%), proteins (66.7%), zinc (66.6%), etc. Dietary advice for improving the diet quality during pregnancy and the supplementation of mainly iron and folate are necessary. Key words: Nutrition, Pregnant, Food frequency questionnaire. Recommended intake of nutrients.