EVALUACIÓN BIOMECÁNICA DE LA INTEGRIDAD ESTRUCTURAL EN DIENTES MOLARES

Abstract

In base of statistics done by The OMS and clinical studies on patients, it has been determined that Mexico has a high number of people with problems and dental diseases, it is estimated that a high proportion of people suffer because of them, sometime in their life, so that has turned into the principal reason of morbidity and dental mortality in the world human population. This problem is generated by aspects such as: the consumption of soft food, processed sugar, deficient oral hygiene, the lack of services of health, etc. Of them, the dental loss, it is provoked principally by dental diseases, such as: caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and the incorrect occlusion, in agreement to the OMS. In function of this problem and according to some researches, it is well known that the first permanent molar is the most damaged tooth by the dental structure; the first molar develops the function of work of mastication and crushing because of its great occlusal surface. In addition, it is susceptible to decay by its anatomy, morphology and the accumulation of plaque that is why it is often lost, leaves serious consequences and has no predecessor. For it, through a biomechanical evaluation, were determined the principal zones where the effect of the loads and the influence of the stress contributes or affects the particular geometry of the tooth. To approach the case, a model was regenerated using three-dimensional tomographies adapted to a parametric model that allows to be evaluated numerically by a program of finite elements, ANSYS R.12. In addition, an experimental analysis was done by the method of photoelasticity. For the above the conditions of occlusion case I were considered to determine the behavior of the molar structure when the most serious critical load of occlusion it is applied on the tooth when it is sane or with some repairs.