EFECTIVIDAD DE UN PROGRAMA DE EJERCICIO DE FORMAS DINÁMICAS CON PESO COMPARADO CON UN PROGRAMA DE BAJA RESISTENCIA Y BAJA VELOCIDAD, PARA MEJORAR POTENCIA MUSCULAR DE EXTREMIDADES INFERIORES Y CAPACIDAD FÍSICA EN ADULTOS MAYORES FRÁGILES

Abstract

Effectiveness of a program of dynamic forms with weight exercises compared with a program of low resistance and low speed to improve lower extremity muscle power and functional capacity in fragile older adults. Introduction: The resistance exercise has demonstrated its efficacy to improve muscular power in older adults with frailty, is necessary to know its effectiveness with support a weighted vest, under a partial supervision in house. Objective: To determine effectiveness of program dynamic forms with weight exercises compared with a program of low resistance and low speed to enhance lower extremity muscle power and functional capacity in fragile older adults. Patients and Methods: A single blind randomized controlled clinical. Fragile older adults, with a Short Physical Performance Battery score between 4 and 10. Were assigned to Weighted Vest Group (WVG), of exercises of dynamic forms with weight, or Control Group (CG), of exercises of low resistance and low speed. Both groups exercised three times a week by 12 weeks, in home. Changes in muscle power of knee extensor and flexor were evaluated, with CIBEX Norm dynamometer, between basal and twelve weeks, in addition functional capacity tests were evaluated too. Results: Eight patients in WVG and 7 in CG were included. Percentage change of total muscle power were 195% and 40,96%, WVG and CG respectively (p=0.30. WVG improved muscle power of knee flexors with percentage change 323,14% vs. 27,69% (p=0.23), while as in CG knee extensors showed percentage change was 109,61% vs. 67,57% of WVG (p=0.39). Percentage of change that reached statistical significance were observed in left knee in both groups (p=0.04). Chair rise test had improvement in WVG with 19% of percentage of change (p=0.004). Conclusions: Program exercise with weighted vest improved muscle power of inferior extremities in older adults with frailty, but did not demonstrate its effectiveness, because it did not reach statistical significance. We calculated the power of study, was minor of 0,70, it is probable that when increasing the sample significant differences were obtained. The group with weighted vest improved in the chair rise test