COMPARACIÓN DE LA FERTILIZACIÓN SINTÉTICA CON ORGÁNICA EN FRIJOL (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) EN CONDICIONES DE FERTIRRIEGO

Abstract

Because the significant cultivated acreage and its role as a food source, Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are one of the most important legumes in Mexico. Only In the state of Sinaloa bean production occupies the second place after Corn regarding to the cultivated area. During the 2009-2010 growing season the total planted acreage under watering conditions, reached 345.332 acres, producing 216,254 tons of grain. Among the legumes, bean plants are quite inefficient in the biological process of fixing Nitrogen; as a consequence farmers have to use large quantities of artificial synthetic fertilizers containing Nitrogen (N). This practice increases the cost of production and negatively affects the environment. As a result the cost of production is highly affected. The objective of this research was to compare the interaction among organic and inorganic fertilization under dripping irrigation conditions. The experimental work was conducted at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), in Guasave, Sinaloa. A first test was carried out under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of 15 native isolates of Rhizobium and 15 native isolates of Bacillus on plant development. In a second experiment, the same isolates were tested under field conditions. The experimental plot included three factors (Rhizobium, Bacillus and Nitrogen) under a factorial experimental design of 2x2x3 making a total of 12 treatments, distributed in a Randomized Complete Block Design. Data on dry weight, number of nodules per plant and foliar nutrient concentration as well as final yield were recorded. Under greenhouse conditions the best treatments were the isolate Rhizobium CIIDIR 13 and the Bacillus Bs 14. Under field conditions the best treatment was the combination of Rhizobium and Bacillus (Rz+Bs). This treatment showed the highest dry weight, number of nodules per plant, foliar nutrient concentration as well as final yield. In addition, this treatment obtained the highest value of foliar nitrogen concentration. Statistically, this treatment was better (p<0.05) than the check and the treatment fertilized with Nitrogen (Ammonium 80N, 0:1).