Biodiversidad de la microbiota rizosférica de dos especies solanáceas: Solanum lycopersicon, L. y Datura spp. (tomate y toloache)

Abstract

The soil microbiota is an important resource due to its enormous diversity, which is involved in most of the transformations of nutrients and in other important plant processes, being the area of the rhizosphere where microbial activity tends to be more intense in the soil. In Sinaloa, the natural vegetation is scarce, because most of the soil is used for agricultural purposes. This has led to a loss of native species diversity. In particular, Guasave municipality only has an area of preserved natural vegetation that comprises 17.88 hectares, which corresponds to the Ecological Preservation Zone of a Population Center "La Uva", where soil microbial communities are understudied. In "La Uva" we can find the Solanaceae species Datura stramonium L. (toloache) which is an annual plant. There have been previous studies in our working group where the microbial diversity of tomato rhizosphere in agricultural fields in Guasave, Sinaloa has been analyzed. The aim of our work is to build and preserve a collection of microorganisms associated to the rhizosphere of Datura stramonium L. from preserved soils from "La Uva", to analyze the microbiota diversity and compare this with the diversity in other Solanaceae species (tomato) grown in highly impacted commercial field areas (already reported). The results show that in tomato and toloache culturable microorganism collections the phylum Firmicutes was the most abundant, followed by Proteobacteria. The analysis of prokaryotic diversity in the rhizosphere of tomato and toloache using a rRNA survey approach allowed to find differences between the most abundant groups from both rhizospheres. Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum in both tomato and toloache rhizospheres. Rarefaction curves and Shannon diversity indexes showed that prokaryotes from the toloache rhizosphere are more diverse compared to tomato rhizosphere. Eukaryote diversity from both rizospheres is the least diverse compared to prokaryote diversity but they are very similar in diversity between each other