Determinación de patrones genéticos de cepas parentales e híbridas de Pleurotus spp.

Abstract

Edible mushroom production registered an annual increase of 6.2 million tons worldwide in 2004, of which 38.708 tons were produced in Mexico which is 59% of the total production of the Latin American countries, so that our country was considered the 18 th producer of fresh mushrooms worldwide. The country currently occupies 20 place in world production of edible mushrooms and 1 in Latin America with 60% of total production. The commercial production of edible mushrooms in Mexico offers significant social benefits, economic and ecological. It is estimated that commercial production is about fresh 47.468 tons. For the production of Pleurotus is required to increase the number of fungal strains cultivated through the development of effective breeding programs and conservation of germplasm. In this thesis were obtained hybrid strains of Pleurotus spp. neohaplontes by mating compatible, which were obtained by chemical desdicariotización process and for this we used two parental strains white IE200 and CP253. We performed neohaplontes recovery for each of the strains. Straw were cultured hybrid and parental strains and determined the parameters: Production Rate (% TP), biological efficiency (% EB) and performance (% R) for all strains. We performed the extraction of gDNA from strains used by a plant extraction kit. The extraction results were observed in agarose gel 0.7%. RAPD-PCR were performed to evaluate'S genetic patterns generated from the extraction of gDNA from the mycelium of the strains used. Through the NTSYS software were developed for phenograms. The recovery of the parental strains neohaplontes was symmetrical, the two components obtained from each strain monocarióticos worked. Hybrid strains were formed IECP1, IECP2, and IECP5 IECP3 latter strain had the highest% EB (79.34%), while the parental strains were between 90.55% and efficiency 77.60% for strains CP253 and IE200 gDNA was achieved respectively worked strains, which were observed in an agarose gel, where it notes that the DNA is in excess of 23.130 bp. Subsequently performed PCR-RAPD's where 129 bands were obtained using 10 primers, which were built phenograms typical two (OPG-5 and OPF-9) and a phenogram general.