ANÁLISIS QUÍMICO DE LAS FRAGANCIAS PRODUCIDAS POR LAS ORQUÍDEAS Prosthechea varicosa y Prosthechea karwinskii PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE COMPUESTOS VOLÁTILES

Abstract

Volatile compounds play an important role in the mechanisms of interaction of plants with pollinators and with the environment around them, because of the importance of these compounds in this work was extracted fragrance of orchids Prosthechea varicose and P. karwinskii using the technique headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and subsequently identified by GC-MS volatile. Samples of flowers of P. varicose collected in four different locations in Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz and Puebla. They identified sixteen compounds in common, being the major α-pinene, 2,6-dimethyl-1 ,3,5,7-octatetraene, ipsdienol, ipsenone. Samples of P. karwinskii analyzed were obtained from specimens used as decoration in the celebration of Easter in Zaachila, Oaxaca. These samples were identified thirteen compounds, with the majority nerol oxide, nerol, shisofuran, ipsdienol. The fragrance from both flowers consists mainly of monoterpenes which gives it a nice floral aroma and fresh. Although the two species belong to the same genus fragrance composition was very different, the only compound that was shared ipsdienol, a monoterpene whose biological activity is the attraction of insect pollinators, bees mainly male euglossine. The biological activity of orchids has been little studied, in the fragrance of P. varicose and P. karwinskii compounds were identified which have potential biological, so this opens a wide field of research on the phytochemistry of these species to determine their potential or biological use.