ESTRUCTURA DEL MERCADO LABORAL MEXICANO Y SU EFECTO EN EL CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO. APORTACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE EMPLEO

Abstract

Mexico is characterized to belong to the group of developing countries. A dual labor market in which exists a formal economy works, whose workers have access to benefits of social insurance, as well as to the funds of pensions and the social insurance systems. It exists an informal sector with an important proportion of workers survive in economic activities at home, contributing around the 12 percent of gross product that is generated in the country, with a labor force of a little more of 28%, than is not counting on the mentioned benefits, their productivity is much smaller than the one of the formal sector. To investigate the relation of the economic growth of Mexico and the structure of its labor market, considering the duality of the same, allows to establish some directed recommendations to improve the operation of this market. For it they discuss a set of theories related to these two variables that compose the economic system of the country. As a result of the study of its main characteristics, the approach of Lewis Arthur is chosen Lewis, theory who better becomes attached itself to the conditions of Mexico. The indicated theoretical sustenance makes possible to propose a mathematical model whose results show the following: Mexican economy is studied through a dual system of labor market in formal and informal sectors, and is applied an algorithm of stochastic dynamic optimization; this model allows to analyze the particular characteristics of the Mexican economy. It is observed that the level of economic growth can be known if the structure of the labor market of Mexico is known. It is a contribution that allows to know the relation between the situation of the labor market and the economic growth, and has been possible to establish that due to the uncertainty situation that exists in the informal sector, the economic system is non optimizable in the present conditions and is necessary to get economic growth to be able to speak of optimization of the economic system as a whole, an is necessary to design a national employment program.