MAGNITUD DE LOS EFECTOS DEL ENTRENAMIENTO SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL DE FUTBOLISTAS JÓVENES DE ALTO RENDIMIENTO

Abstract

Introduction: In football soccer, the variation of the intensity and duration of training brings changes not only on technical, metabolic and physiological parameters, but also in body composition, being important aspects to consider in the development of physical fitness in the discipline. This work seeks to quantify the extent to which a systematic and continuous training in football soccer lead to changes in the values of the percentage of total body fat and muscle mass in young players, after a period of 10 months, in addition to analyzing the same effect within the particular age group and each playing position. Material and Methods: The sample comprises two anthropometric records made to 122 male players in the professional categories Pachuca Soccer Club, the first in August 2010 and the second in June 2011, and using the ISAK uniformity. During this same time, the subjects performed the training schedule from the Team Technical Staff. From the data, we calculated the percentage of body fat by the method of Jackson & Pollock and total muscle mass by Poortmans formula. We calculated descriptive statistical measures of central tendency, dispersion and T Student test for paired-type one-sided (with P <0.05) to compare the statistical significance of the mean of each variable between the two assessments. The same analysis was applied according to age group and playing position. Results: From overall data analysis, total muscle mass reports an increase of 1.16% compared to the initial assessment and, particularly, the percentage of body fat an increase of 4.62%, with the largest increase variable studied. Nine groups were formed by age study, which found an increase in body fat of 10.4% in the 16 years group and 32.7% (the peak) in the 23 years group. With respect to the total muscle mass was found an increase of 3.5% in the 14 years group and of 4.3% in the 17 years of age group. By playing position, the front showed significant increase in total muscle mass; the midfielders, with increases in the percentage of body fat, being the variable of greatest increase of the analysis; the defense group also reported an increase in the percentage of body fat; and within the group of goalkeepers, but all showed increases, no body composition variable showed statistically significant difference. Conclusions: After a training period of 10 months, the 122 players surveyed reported, generally, an increase in body composition parameters. It contributes through this work with a viable alternative treatment for physical inactivity in children and adolescents that afflict with great impact on our country nowadays. And also leaves open studies with similar methodological structures that can reach through a comparison control group (sedentary) the effects of sports activity on body composition; or to differentiate whether the changes resulting from a sports training process in similar age populations are produced by the ripening process of the subjects themselves or by effect of training schedule.