Correlación de la Expresión del RNAm de Genes Candidato Relacionados con Inflamación en Tejido Adiposo Subcutáneo de Mujeres con Obesidad Grado 1 y Grado 2 Bajo un Estimulo de Ejercicio Durante 12 Semanas

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic condition with moderate inflammation and is one of the diseases that have the greatest impact on the economy of the person suffering and for the health sector in a country. Obesity according to World Health Organization (WHO) is defined as those with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2. Data provided by the WHO report that there are approximately 300 million obese people in the world, in Mexico 70% of the population is overweight or obese women have that percentage 72% (100% representing women the total 70% and men 67% and (ENSANUT 2006) has placed our country in second place for obesity in adults just below the United States of America ranks first 72.5 million adults (CDC ) in children is first with one third of children (ENSANUT 2006), which is of interest to the study of this disease to somehow give a probable solution as it is accompanied by other comorbidities such as diabetes type 2, heart disease, hypertension and insulin resistance, just to name a few. (1) It is believed that obesity has a very complex mechanism related to caloric intake and energy expenditure, and neural system involving thousands of genes that interact at the same time, reflecting the biological importance to the balance between energy intake and expenditure. It has been a breakthrough in identifying the role of the hypothalamus and the brainstem in neural and hormonal mechanisms, the brain tells the hypothalamus on intake and nutrient storage in generating autonomic and endocrine change. Some genes involved in the homeostatic regulation are important in the energy balance expressed as models of monogenic obesity. However, the mechanisms involved are not entirely clear, so this issue has attracted the attention of researchers in the past 15 years (2). The environment and lifestyle can influence food intake and energy expenditure. In obesogenic environment (fast food and physical inactivity) given by modern industrial society will exert very strong pressure for increased fat mass, on the contrary, a restrictive environment that produces food intake is diminished and the activity physics takes place.(1) Adipose tissue has always been referred to as primary site of energy storage, however, also produces signals that flow to the brain and other organs. For example, leptin (a hormone that produces satiety) is produced and released by adipose tissue. Likewise, there are other messengers typically produced by adipose tissue such as adiponectin, resistin and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1, which now are known to have direct effects on the brain and peripheral organs involved in the control and energy balance at this study analyzed the mRNA of these genes leptin, leptin receptor, TNF, IL-6, MMP9, TLR-4, IL6, IL10, IL18, IL33, NLPR3, CASP1, SCD1, SREBP1, IL1β, LXRα, ABCA1, UCP3,AdipoR1,AdipoR2andTNFa. Obesity is a multifactorial complex disease that is influenced by the behavior of genetic, epigenetic and environmental, the result of this relationship is given by the invalance between intake and energy expenditure, helped by a positive balance when the intake becomes chronic and exede that balance between intake and expenditure, shows the accumulation of lipids and promotes adipogenesis in adipose tissue. (1) So in this study we analyzed the gene expression of genes that are associated with obesity and inflammation in which changes were important and positive or negative correlations with statistical significance as demonstrated by statistical analysis Student t test for independent samples with P = 0.01 or P = 0.05, as well as Pearson correlations with P = 0.01 and P = 0.05 of the genes studied.