SUSTRATOS ORGÁNICOS Y BIOFERTILIZANTES PARA EL CULTIVO DE JITOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum L.) EN INVERNADERO

Abstract

In this work it was studied the potential of organic substrates based on byproducts and industrials organic wastes, added with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA), leonardite (L) and / or vermicompost leachate (LV), using as an indicator crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Toro respect to an agricultural soil (SA) clay loam under greenhouse conditions, with the purpose of evaluate the possible use of this kind of substrates as self-sufficient in organic production. The treatments used were: T1) base substrate (S2), T2) S2 + LV; T3) S2 + LV + L, T4) S2 + HMA and T5) SA + Fertilizer. It were make physical and physico-chemical analysis to the substrates before and after cultivation. The results obtained in the agronomic variables (longitudinal development (cm) and fruit yield (g / plant)) and of quality (% of weight loss in 21 days shelf life (dda)) in culture, show the superiority in the potential of these organic substrates compared to SA and even among themselves. Regarding the development of tomato plants at 70 days after transplanting (ddt) treatments significantly influenced (α <0.05) that variable being the T4 which promoted a significant increase of compared to T5 (52%) longitudinal development at 52% to the T5 which showed the lowest development. T4 showed a significantly hiegher yield compared to t1y t5 (140 and 56% respectively) a significantly higher yield compared to T1 and T5. In regard to weight loss at 21 dda T3 had a higher weight loss than T5 (7%), being fruits of T5 which had less weight loss during the 21 dda. Physical characteristics of these substrates were within the optimum levels and in some cases even better, as substrates for horticultural use according to the literature. Regarding to the measured variables and the type of crop, it was observed that organic substrates showed significant superiority compared to plants grown in SA. One of the main problems affecting the SA was its compaction. Thus, this type of substrates, especially the T4 and T3 could be potentially useful as part of technological packages of organic agriculture of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Toro, however more research is needed to affirm this categorically.