Determinación de una mezcla óptima a incinerar, de residuos peligrosos y de manejo especial; que facilite su tratamiento térmico y contribuya a disminuir los niveles de emisiones de contaminantes al ambiente.

Abstract

In the present thesis thermal treatment by incineration of an “optimal mixture” of hazardous waste and special handling is considered a viable option from the environmental and socioeconomic point of view. In order to get to this conclusion, from the beginning this study presents information and statistics about the generation of the types of waste in the country as well as the situation and criteria of incineration hazardous waste in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and those that from the EU (European Union). To determine the “optimal mixture” of waste to incinerated, it was taken into account in the first instance that the waste were free form heavy metals and organo-chloride compounds, and secondly the waste generation volume, the similarities in the characteristics of the materials that form the mixture, the humidity percentage and their calorific power (separated or impregnated-mixed with other waste or substances present in the mixture). In laboratory it was determined the calorific power of materials and representative mixtures of the hazardous waste and special handling to incinerated under de concept of “optimal mixture”. As a result of the previous process, for “optimal mixtures” were obtained accorging to their mass content (kg) as well as to the erergy they expelled (kcal). special handling to incinerated under the concept “optimal mixture”. The mixtures fed the Thermal Oxidation System Enviroclean500MR and during this process atmosphere pollutant emission sampling was carried out along with the sampling of the waste water of the system. Additionally, the CRETIB analysis of the ashes wich were product of the incineration of the mixtures was carried out. It was determined that the “optimal mixture” of hazardous waste and special handling to be incinerated, is the mixture of: 80% RPBI’S, 15% RME’S (waste transport operations), and 5% of RP’S (expired drugs); mixture that provides 485,486.6 kcal in the 100 kg of waste. The results obtained from the sampling and the analyses were below the maximum permissible polluting agent emision limits and classified “Non-Hazardous”, wich permited to confirm the efficiency of the incineration equipment and process used, but above all the results permited to confirm the important relationship between themselves and the type, amount and characteristics of the residues with which the system was fed.