Nefropatía lúpica: Perfil de citocinas Th1 y Th2 y su asociación con el daño renal a nivel histológico

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is a complex disease, is the prototype of systemic autoimmune disease. Renal involvement is the most severe and frequent complication, is called lupus nephritis (LN). The most cases are caused by autoantibodie lead to cell and tissue injury by Fc receptor-mediated inflammation as well as by direct cytotoxicity. Disruption of T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cytokine homeostasis is a peculiar feature of human and experimental LN. There are few studies than link the expression of this cytokines and the histological class of NL. Hypothesis: In lupus nephritis, kidney damage manifested by activity, chronicity and histopathologic class depends on the profile of cytokines (Th1-Th2) secreted. Materials and Methods. The design of this study was retrospective, observational and transversal. Kidney biopsies from patients who met clinical and laboratory criteria of LES of the INCMNSZ were included, histological damage was classified according to the ISN/RPS histological classification. The Th1 cytokine profile was determined by expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ and the Th2 profile of IL-4 and IL-13 by immunohistochemistry. Results: 54.8% (17/31) of the biopsies expressed IFN-γ processed in the glomeruli. The expression of this cytokine correlated positively with histological class, which is statistically significant (p = 0.035). Conclusion According to these results, the profile Th1, represented by INF- γ has an important role, suggest this cytokine has an important role in LN evolution by promoting Th1 response in the generation of class IV LN a diffuse proliferative, and usually active glomerulonephritis.