CONCENTRACIÓN DE CAPITAL Y ENCADENAMIENTOS PRODUCTIVOS EN LA INDUSTRIA MANUFACTURERA EN MÉXICO (1994-2008)

Abstract

It exists a situation in the economy that has to do with the existence of imperfect markets in industry and in the diverse activities of the economic system, a situation that creates inefficiencies, distortions and welfare problems. But there is, also, another problematic situation within the structure of industrial activity with respect to the weak links between the productive sectors or between companies. Nevertheless, trade liberalization has caused it to generate a closer relationship between national industries with the United States mainly. This situation has led to an increase in intra-industry trade which promotes the export of manufacturing. To produce this trade is necessary that certain conditions are present including the concentration of capital or market structure. Thus in this research, through panel data, it is examined the relationship between intra-industrial trade (IIT) and capital concentration, considering also technology aspects and trade liberalization through models with index and logarithms data, which were estimated by ordinary least squares, through fixed effects and random effects methods, were used in turn to the results of the estimates by these methods, the LM, Haussman and F tests to see which had the best performance. The results indicate that there is a better estimate when the model is logarithmic, so the estimate itself is better off for the ordinary least squares in both models, according to the above the results that this research shows is that intra-industry trade technology is favored by a larger acquisition of technology because increases in technology makes increases in intra-industry trade, also a high concentration of capital in the automotive sector generates an increase in industrial trade, that for both models, but for the model estimated in logarithms it shows a positive result with the country's trade orientation and the propensity of total trade on the product, the opposite of what was estimated with the variables in indexes. We found therefore that production linkages are produced only in the most dynamic and connected to the external sector branches as the automotive sector and the effects of capital concentration are given favoring the export sector through intra-industry trade at the expense of the non- linked to the outside, since it prevents an adequate link between the different sectors of national industries.