Factores relacionados con el desarrollo de las Crisis Hiperglucémicas; Cetoacidosis Diabética y Estado Hiperosmolar no Cetósico

Abstract

Introduction.- Mellitus Diabetes (MD) has been classified as the fourth epidemiological disease as well as the first mortality cause associated to diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar states in the “Hospital General Regional Nº 1” located in Mexico city. Approximately 547 patients were admitted with MD in 2009. There is not institutional records of patients with acute complications neither its related factors like diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar states, the identification of these factors in order to focus current therapeutic protocols may reduce morbid-mortality, intra-hospital stay and costs. Objective.- To identify the most related factors to hyperglycemic crisis as well as the most common infection sources in diabetic patients attended in the “Hospital General Regional Nº 1”. Material and Methods.- We developed a retrospective, descriptive and not-interventional study by the analysis of 112 patients with hyperglycemic crisis diagnostic criteria, in the period of January 1st 2008 to December 31 2010. Results. - The results showed a 18.75% and 64.28% of the patients with MD type 1 and 2 respectively, the 90.27% with current treatment and the 46% follow it. 29.46%, 58.02% and 12.50% of the cases were recorded with diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar states or a mixed condition respectively. The most related factors to acute complications were infection and therapeutic transgression with 51.78% and 19.64% of the cases respectively. Conclusion. - Infections and therapeutic transgression represent factors that may allow better understand trigger conditions of acute complications in diabetic patients.