DIFUSIÓN DE SUSTANCIAS EN REDES DE TUBERÍAS A PRESIÓN

Abstract

The quality of the water for human consumption in the distribution networks is a subject that worries in the countries worldwide, this by its repercussion in the health of the population. To preserve the quality of the water is important for the potable water supply. The present investigation has as objectives of calculating a part, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite in the outflow of a pipe crossing to illustrate the errors to which the full mixing hypothesis leads, and other part to measure the concentration of the same substance in the exit of the knots of a drinking water network to evaluate the lost percentage throughout the trajectory of the flow and to identify the points of the network where the will inject chlorine again so that the water arrives at the consumer with the amount of chlorine established by the Official Norm Mexicana NOM-127-SSA1-1994 (published in the Official Newspaper, Thursday 18 of January of 1996), agreed one with the communitarian directives. At international level, the EPA determines the guidelines to follow in the control of the quality of the drinkable water through the Safe Drinking Water Act. This study was carried out in the facilities of the Hydraulics’ laboratory of the Institute of engineering of the UNAM, consisted of the development hydraulic tests for nine scenes, that are described in chapter 6th, and which consist of the variation of volumes of chlorinated water and water without chlorine, others of the variables of this study are the diameter of the pipe of the network, the diameter and configuration of the crossings of pipes. With the results obtained in this thesis, the can say that, so that exist the mixed of two flows with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, the flow that contains the sodium hypochlorite must be superior to the other flow. The experimental’ results were validated by a mathematical formula, which presents good results. Finally in this investigation they conclude that the relation between the flow with concentration of hypochlorite of sodium and flow without chlorine is important, since so that mixture’s phenomenon occurs is necessary that the chlorinated flow is bigger than the flow without chlorine.