MANEJO DE LA MICROBIOTA PARA MANTENER LA CALIDAD DE AGUA EN CULTIVOS EXPERIMENTALES DE CAMARÓN Litopenaeus vannamei SIN RECAMBIO DE AGUA

Abstract

The present study aimed to determine the effect of two fertilizers: Sodium nitrate (inorganic) and molasses (organic),on the behavior of the microbiota, water quality and crop production variables in two experimental shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (small scale = laboratory and commercial level= farm) no water exchange. For the laboratory nine tanks that were used had a capacity of 500 L c / u(three replicates per treatment, including treatment as a control group without fertilization). While on-farm experimentation was conducted in six ponds that had a dimension of 1 ha c / u (two replicates per treatment, including treatment as a control group without fertilization).The results showed that overall, both in laboratory and farm in unfertilized crops showed lower concentrations of total bacteria, Vibrio spp (except at the farm level), Bacillus spp, phytoplankton and zooplankton (except farm), which had an impact on lower survival and production of shrimp. with a high FCA; the reverse happening where fertilized crops. The highest rate of growth of shrimp (except farm, whose results are discussed to be related to poor survival). survival, lower production and FCA, arose when fertilized with molasses, both in laboratory and farm None of the treatments, the values obtained in water quality variables exceeded the allowable limits for shrimp farming. Although there were significant differences between cases with treatment and in some cases values can cause a chronic condition of stress for shrimp. Both laboratory and farm higher concentrations of nitrite, nitrate and ammonium, were recorded where fertilized with sodium nitrate. While lower concentrations in these variables were recorded where there was fertilized, except the concentration of ammonium, whose lowest values were recorded which was fertilized with molasses.